Machine for the effecting of multiplications.



J. VERMEHREN.

MACHIME FOR THE EFFECTING 0F MULTIPLICATIONS.-

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1. I912.

Patented p 6, 1915.

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APPLICATION FILED JULY 1. 19:2.

1,134,169. Patented Apr. 6, 1915. a

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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.YATTY J. VERMEHREN. MACHINE FOR THE EFFECTING 0F MULTIPLICATIONS.APPLICATION FILED JULY 1. I912.

Patented A r. 6, 1915.

6 SHEETSSEEET 3.

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1 I I APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, 1912. 1,134,169.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patented Apr. 6, 1915. j 1

l /lfiug 'sgs I I 1 I I ZtV'iLOfi 1. VERMEHREN. MACHINE FOR THEEFFECTING 0F MULTIPLICATIONS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, l9l2.

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6 SHEETS- SHEET 8.

14 1LT Y Patented Apr. 6, 1915.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' JOI-IANNES vnnmn'nnnn, or EELLERUP, NEAR oorn vnxonn, DENMARK,ASSIGNOR T0 AKTIESELSKABE'J. vnnmnnnnns mennmasxmnn, or HELLERUP, NEARCOPENHAGEN, DENMARK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 6, 1915.

Application filed July 1, 1912. Serial No. 707,088.

To all whom it may concern: i

Be it known that I, J OHANNESVERMEHREN, director, subject of the Kingdomof Denmark, residing at No. 9 J ohannevej,Hellerup, near Copenhagen, inthe Kingdom of Denmark, have invented new and useful Improvements inMachines for the Effecting of Multiplication-s, of which the followingis a specification.

The present invention relates to calculating apparatus and particularlyto a multiplying machine for efiecting the multiplication of two numbershaving several figures, by which machine the multiplication of themultiplicand by the single figures of the multiplier is effected bysetting the individual figures of the multiplier after the multipli'candhas been set.

Apparatus has been previously proposed wherein the multiplication of themultiplicand is effected by a multiplier consisting of a single digit.

The invention consists essentially in that the individual figures of themultiplicand are set in each of a number of groups or principal parts,which are stepped sideways to the extent of one unit in relation to eachother, and a number of individual teeth corresponding With the productof the multiplicand and the individual figures of the multiplierareformed into rows in the individual groups by setting the individualfigures of the multiplier in just, the same manner as when themultiplication is effected on papega'nd the numbers of teeth in each roware added up by means of a counting mechanism, which is moved relativelyto the teeth or vice-versa in order to obtain the final product.Furthermore, it is of a great importance that all transferring of thetens should be effected after the completing of the addition of theindividual products, whereas the individual multiplying elements move anumber of bars in such a manner that the bars corresponding with theunits of the one element are interdigitated between the barscorresponding with the tens of the next following element.

In order to explain the forming into rows of the individual teeth bymeans of the multiplying elements, the following example is given inwhich example the figures indicated correspond wlth the number of teethem- The preceding example shows that the individual products are placedtogether in con arithmetical problem on paper, except that the directtransferring of the tens has not been effected within the products. Thereal transferring of the tens is effected at the completion of theaddition of all the products and is preferably effected by moving anumber of teeth, corresponding with the tens to be transferred duringthe addition, into the next following higher row of teeth substantiallyin the'same manner as in the multiplying elements.

One form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings,wherein Figures 1 and 1 are sectional views of a machine taken on theline X-Y in Figs. 2 and 2 parts'being omitted for the sake of clearness;Figs. 2* and 2 are sectional views on the line U-V of Figs. 1 and 1";Figs. 3 and 3 are sectional views on the lines Z-W of Figs. 1 and 1';Fig. 4 is a detail view.

In the form of the invention illustrated which is adapted for themultiplication, at the most, of a number having four figures by a numberhaving three figures, the machine consists of three principal parts or'formity with the manner of writing the groups, A, B, and C, Figs. 1 and1", which are identical but, as above set forth, stepped in such a wayin relation to each other that the group-A represents the prod- Eachgroup consists of four elements a, b,

c and d, a, b, c, d and a 6 0 (P, which are also identical and of whicheveryone corresponds with one of the figures of the multiplicand, sothat the element a, a, a corresponds with the units, the element 5, b, bwith the tens, and so on.

Each element is composed of nine superposed pairs of horizontalcylinders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Fig. 3 of which every paircorresponds with one of the digits from 1 to 9, and each cylinder has onits surface different projections or cams 2. In Fig. 4

the pair of cylinders 7 is shown in developed state. The surface of eachcylinder is divided into ten equal longitudinal zones denoted by dottedlines, across which zones one or more of the cams z extend. The numberof cams extending across each zone on each cylinder of the pair is sodetermined that the cams on the one cylinder represent the units and onthe other cylinder the tens of all the products of the figurerepresented by the pair of cylinders that is, in this case, the figure7, and the digits from 0 to 9.

Therefore. in the case shown it is evident that the right hand cylinderhas ten cam zones having respectively 0, 7, 4, 1, 8, 5, 2, 9, 6 and 3cams or projections, while the other, the left-hand cylinder has ten camzones across which extend respectively, -0, 0, 1, 2, 8, 4, 5 and 6 cams,and in this manner the cams on the two cylinders represent all theproducts of the number 7 and the numbers 0-9, Viz. O0, O7, 14, 21, 28,35, 42, 4.9, 56 and 63.

The cylinders are mounted each on a shaft and the shafts of each pairare mounted at one end in a cross-piece e Figs. 2 and 2 carrying aroller 7 which bears against a cylinder is vertically disposed in themachine. The cylinder is revolved on its axis through a gear-connectionby a horizontal rack 1 Figs 1 and 1" which is inclined to thelongitudinal axis of the apparatus and the rack Z meshes with agear-wheel which also meshes with a rack m having an operating knob n,n, n 71. and in this manner the rack Z may be moved to and fro. The

cylinder 70 has nine cams or projections y, Figs. 2 and 2", arrangedhelically on the cylindrical surface thereof and equally spacedangular-1y with the'exception of the first and the last projectionbetween the which the distance is twice as great as be:

tween the other projections, each of the projections y being placedopposite a corresponding roller 7. In this manner the cylinder k isdivided into ten zones longitudinal thereof, in each of which zones is aprojection y opposite a roller f except one zone forming a zero line onwhich there is no projection. At a distance of one-tenth of the circularperiphery of the cylinder is from the zero line there is a projection yopposite the roller f of the pair of cylinders 1; at a distanceoftwo-tenths of said circular periphery from the zero-line and oppositethe roller 7 of the pair of cylinders 2 is placed another projection y,and so on. Each pair of cylinders is spring-pressed (by a spring, notshown) so that the roller f normally bears against the cylinder is.

The cylinder shafts of each pair of cylinders are provided, at the endsopposite the cross-piece 6, with inter-meshing gear-wheels g and h Figs.1 and 1 respectively, and furthermore, one of the shafts of each pair isprovided with a bevel wheel 2', Figs. 1 1 and 2 and 2 When a pair ofcylinders is pushed to the right, see for instance in Figs. 2 and 2' thecylinders 4, 8 and 9 by its corresponding projection y, when thecylinder 7c is revolved, the bevel-wheel z of the pair of cylindersmeshes with a corresponding beveLwheel o mounted on a vertical shaft 79,which in turn is adapted to be revolved by a horizontal shaft 1' throughbevel gearing. The shaft 1' is itself to be revolved by means of a racks which is provided with an operating knob t (13, t

At each side of each element'a, a, a 1), b, 6 c, c, c and d, d, d aseries of upright bars at Figs. 2 and 2 is arranged, said bars beingpivotally secured at their upper ends to the frame of the machine andeach provided at its lower end with a tooth. Thebars of one element maybe interdigitated between the right-hand bars of the next followingelement, Figs. 3 and 3", so that the adjacent bars of two adjacentelements may be interdigitated to form a row of teeth comprising at themost seventeen teeth, the bars u in Figs. 3 and 3 being shown in theirinterdigitated positions, one bar to the ,multiplicand and/themultiplier are set in the followingmannerz Suppose that 4891 is to bemultiplied by 208, as indicated in the preamble, the unit knob n for themultiplicand is moved oppositethe figure on an adjacent scale (notshown), the

tens knob n is then moved to ,9, and so on, the different positions ofthe knobs being shown in Figs. l and 1. The movement of the unit knob nfrom 0 to l causes the cylinders in corresponding with the elementsa,gw, a tobe revolved one tenth of a revolution from the zero-line, sothat the pair of cylinders 1 is moved by its corresponding projection y,as above set forth, and its bevel-wheel z is brought into engagementwith the" corresponding bevel-wheel 0. In the same manner the pair ofcylinders 9 in the elements 12, b, bathe pair of cylinders 8 in theelements a, a, 0 and-the pair of cylinders 4 in theelements d, d, d aremoved and their respective bevel-wheels i are brought into engagementwith .the corresponding bevel-wheels 0. The unit knob t for themultiplier is then moved opposite the figure 8 on its scale, while thetens knob t. is left opposite 0, and the bum dreds knob t is movedopposite the figure 2, the different positions of the said knobs and thecorresponding parts of the machine being shown in Figs. 1 and 1 Themovement of the unit knob if from 0 to 8, causes the shaft 1" in thegroup A, and consequently allthe shafts p in said group, to

be revolved eight-tenths of a revolution. All the pairs ofcylinders-viz. the cylinders 1, 9, 8, 4in the elements of the group. A,moved as show set forth, are consequently revolved eight-tenths of arevolution, with the result that in each of said pairs of cylinders anumber of cams is brought into operative position, said numberrepresenting the product of the figure 8 multiplied by the figurecorresponding with the pair of cylinders. Those cams which have beenbrought into operative position bear against the projections y of thebars u opposite said cylinders. Thus in the element 11. of the group Athe righthand cylinder of the pair of cylinders 1 acts oneight bars 14but the left-hand cylinder "...correspondingwith the first partialproduct does not act on any bars u, this adjustment O8; in the element bof the said group the right-hand cylinder of the pair of cylinders -9aotson two bars to and the left-hand cylinder acts on seven bars 10,thus correspond,

ing with the second partial product 72; in the element 0 the right-handcylinder of the pair of cylinders 8 acts on four bars to and theleft-hand cylinder acts on six bars u, thus corresponding with the thirdpartial product 64; and in the element d the righthand cylinder of thepair of cylinders 4 acts on two bars at and the left-hand cylinder actson three bars u, thus corresponding with the fourth partial product 32.As a result of this action on the bars u and the consearrangement of theelements.

quentinterdigitation, five rows of teeth hav* ing respectively 8, 2, 11,8 and 3 teeth are formed in the group A.

In the group B no pairs of cylinders are moved longitudinally andconsequently none are revolved because the figure in the tens place ofthe multiplier'is zero and thus no bars u are acted on in said group,and in the group 0 four rows ofteeth having respectively 2, 8, 7 and 9teeth are formed. Asthe groups are stepped sideways to the extent of oneelement it follows that of the rows of teeth formed inthe group C, thethree first-named rows consti-" tute continuations of they three rows ofteeth in. the group A, which have respectively 11, 8 and 3 teeth, sothat said three rows have a total of 13,v 16 and 10 teeth. It isobvious, therefore, that if a series of numberwheels having pinions ortoothed wheels corresponding with the teeth on the bars u be moved underthe formed rows of teeth, it will be possible to add up the products ofthe multiplicand multiplied by the individual figures of the'multiplier,which products are relatively stepped in the three groups in just thesame manner as when the multiplication is effected on paper, thetransferring of tens necessitated by the addition. being the onlyfurther operation to be eflected as the other transferring of tens hasalready been effected virtually owing to the stepped In the present formof the calculating niaclnne the saidaddition is efiected in thefollowing manner: At one end of the machine a shaft D is mounted, saidshaft carrying a series of number-wheels E on each of which are markedthe figures 0 to 9 and which are free to turn on said shaft D but arenot longitudinally displaceable thereon. Each wheel E is secured to apinion F, Figs. 3 and 3", which is pawl-controlled to prevent the pinionfrom being revolved unintentionally.

The shaft D carries ateach end a nut G Figs. 2 and 2 each engaging witha screwthreaded shaft H and the shafts H are adapted to be" revolvedthrough suitable gearing in such a manner that a single revolution of acrank-handle S, Fig. 3 moves the shaft 1) from one end of the machine tothe other. The pinions F are consequently moved under and in mesh withthe rows of teeth formed as hereinbefore set forth,

which rows of teeth constitute interrupted 'racks, and the number-wheelsE are consequently revolved to an extent proportional with the number ofteeth in its row and thus effect the addition.

' As in the present embodiment of the in- Y than five transferrings oftens mayhave to takeplace. Said transferrings may be ef- I fected bymeans of a special mechanism which is prepared during the addition forthe transferring which is effected subsequently. For this specialtransfer mechanism each number-wheel E, with the exception of thosefarthest to the right and to the left, has a projection I (Figs. 3*- and3") which, every time the wheel has made a whole revolution from 0 to 9,engages a fouling-bar K. The fouling-bar K extends under all thoseelements lying in the same longitudinal plane of the machine as shown inFi s. 2 and 2 and may be turned about one of its edges. The bar K isprovided with an arm L, Figs. 2 and 3 and 3", which is pivoted to a linkM eccentrically secured to a spur-wheel N; The wheel N meshes withanother spur-wheel O, the shaft of which carries a cylinder-P, Figs. 1and 2 which is so connected with the wheel 0 by pawl and ratchetmechanism that the cylinder is revolved .by said wheel 0 in onedirection only, namely when the wheel 0 is revolved by the engagement ofthe projection I with the bar K. The cylinder P is provided on itscylindrical surface with cams m, shown diagrammatically in Fig.1",extending partially around the cylinder and of such a length that onecam is brought into operation at the first complete revolution ofthewheel E and acts on one of a series of bars R at the left side of. thecylinder, shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. At the next completerevolution of the wheel E the. next cam z becomes 0 erative so thattwobars'R are acted on an pressed out of their normal position, and soon. The bar K is spring-pressed so that it returns to the horizontalposition as soon as the projection I has disengaged therefrom.

The bars R are similar in shape to the bars u and, like said bars, are'each' provided. at the lower end with a tooth. It is obvious that thebars R must be set in the same row as the bars u corresponding with thetens of each element so that the tens are always transferred to the nextnumberwheel'to the left.

As more than five transferrings of tens arenot re uired, only five barsR are necessality for t e totalizing, while the wheels F aresengagingthe teeth of the bars at, but a further transferring can take place whenthe wheels F in engaging the teeth .on the bars R, are so revolved thatthe projections I engage the fouling-bars K which extend under thecylinders P. As only five bars R ean be set as hereinbefore set forth,the PI'OJGCtiOIIS I cannot engage their respective fouling bars K morethan once while the wheels F mesh with the teeth on said bars R;consequently only one additional bar is required. Therefore a sixth barT is arranged, Figs. 1 and 2", which may beoperated by means of a cam 00on the cylinder P in the same manner as the bars R. Furthermore, itispossible that of star-wheels or the like in the counting mechanismitself, which consists only of a series of number-wheels withcorresponding pinions.

In order that the bars at, R, T once set may be prevented from beingdisplaced during the addition, each bar may be springpressed and bemoved by its respective cam against a stop.

When the calculation is accomplished by means of asingle revolution ofthe crankhandle S, the result is shown through convenient openings inthe cover-plate, as indicated with dotted figures in Fig. 1 (viz.1017328), and the counting apparatus-may be returned to its initialposition. The number-wheels E will thus be revolved back to 0 and thecylinders P will at the same time be revolved (by suitable mechanism,not shown, for instance, means for reversing the pawls and consequentlythe direction of rotation of said cylinders P throughthe engagement ofthe projections I with the respective fouling-bars) so that those bars Rand T, which were set will reassume their normal position.

The different parts of the mechanism may of course be otherwise arrangedand actuated, for instance the groups of the machine may be carriedaround the surface of a cylinder which by a single revolution is made toengage by the counting-mechanism, or in, the form represented anddescribed the mechanism for the setting of the factors may be mademovable in relation to, and moved either over or under, thenumberwheels.

' Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of thesaid invention and in What manner the same 1s to be performed, I declarethat what I claim is:

1. In a multiplying machine, in combination, a plurality of groups ofelements corresponding to the digits of the multiplicand, said groupsbeing stepped with re spectto one another so that the unit element ofany group will be in alinemen-t with the unit element of the nextpreceding group, each of said elements comprising members correspondingto the digits 1 to 9 inclusive, means for setting corresponding elementsof all of said groups proportionately to the digits of the multiplicand,

means for rotating the thus set elements proportionately to the digitsof the multiplier, counter mechanism operating devices adapted to beactuated by said rotated elements and counting mechanism adapted to beoperated by said counter mechanism operating devices.

'2. In a multiplying machine, in combination, a plurality of groups ofelements corresponding to the digits of the multiplicand, said groupsbeing stepped with respect to one another so that the unit element ofany group will be in alinement With the tens element of the nextpreceding group, each of said elements comprising r nine pairs ofrotatable members corresponding to the digits 1 to 9 inclusive, themembers of each pair being provided With a plurality of actuatingdevices corresponding to the unit digits and tens digits of productsobtained by multiplying the digit 30 represented by said pair of membersby the digits from 0 to 9 inclusive, actuating means normally out ofoperative relation with said rotatable members for rotating the same,means for moving corresponding pairs of elements of' all of said groupsinto operative relation with said actuating means, means for rotatingsaid corresponding pairs of elements proportionately to the digits ofthe multiplier, counter-mechanism operating means adapted to be set bysaid actuating devices, and counting mechanism adapted to be operated bysaidoperating means.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

J OHANNES VERMEHREN. Witnesses Marcos MOELLER, O. LARSEN.

